Natural Diamond | Heera | ہیرا
Origin: Formed deep in Earth over billions of years
Hardness: Hardest gemstone (Mohs 10)
Colors: Clear, with rare pink, yellow, blue shades
Marks: Natural inclusions show authenticity
Symbol: Love, strength, luxury
Birthstone: April
Zodiac: Aries ♈ / Taurus ♉
Natural Ruby | Yaqoot | یاقوت
Origin: Formed in Earth's crust under intense heat and pressure
Hardness: 9 on Mohs scale
Colors: Deep red to pinkish-red
Marks: Natural inclusions known as "silk"
Symbol: Passion, protection, vitality
Birthstone: July
Zodiac: Leo ♌ / Cancer ♋
Emerald | Zamurd | زمرد
Origin: Formed in hydrothermal veins or metamorphic rocks
Hardness: 7.5–8 on Mohs scale
Colors: Rich green to bluish green
Marks: Often has natural inclusions (called "jardin")
Symbol: Wisdom, growth, renewal
Birthstone: May
Zodiac: Taurus ♉ / Gemini ♊
Sapphire | Neelam | نیلم
Origin: Found in igneous rocks, riverbeds, and alluvial deposits
Hardness: 9 on Mohs scale (second hardest after diamond)
Colors: Most commonly deep blue, but also pink, yellow, green
Marks: May include natural inclusions or silk-like patterns
Symbol: Wisdom, royalty, protection
Birthstone: September
Zodiac: Virgo ♍ / Libra ♎
Turquoise | Firoza | فیروزی
Origin: Found in arid regions, often in copper-rich rocks
Hardness: 5–6 on Mohs scale
Colors: Sky blue, greenish blue, light blue
Marks: May have veins or webbing (called matrix)
Symbol: Protection, healing, good fortune
Birthstone: December
Zodiac: Sagittarius ♐ / Pisces ♓
Tourmaline | Tormaleen | ٹورملین
Origin: Found in igneous and metamorphic rocks
Hardness: 7–7.5 on Mohs scale
Colors: Pink, green, blue, black, watermelon (bi-color)
Marks: May show color zoning or internal inclusions
Symbol: Energy, protection, creativity
Birthstone: October
Zodiac: Libra ♎ / Scorpio ♏
Opal | اوپل
Origin: Formed from silica-rich waters
Hardness: 5.5–6.5 on Mohs scale
Colors: White, black, blue, pink, multicolor (with fire/play-of-color)
Marks: Often shows shifting rainbow-like colors (play of color)
Symbol: Inspiration, hope, emotional clarity
Birthstone: October
Zodiac: Libra ♎ / Scorpio ♏
Pearl | Moti | موتی
Origin: Formed inside oysters in freshwater or saltwater
Hardness: 2.5–4.5 on Mohs scaleColors: White, cream, pink, grey, black
Marks: Often natural surface texture, slight irregularities
Symbol: Purity, elegance, serenity
Birthstone: June
Zodiac: Gemini ♊ / Cancer ♋
Peridot | Zabarjad | زبرجد
Origin: Found in volcanic rocks and meteorites
Hardness: 6.5–7 on Mohs scale
Colors: Olive green to yellow-green
Marks: Usually eye-clean, slight inclusions may occur
Symbol: Strength, prosperity, and harmony
Birthstone: August
Zodiac: Leo ♌ / Virgo ♍
